Ugly Number I & II

Ugly Number I

Write a program to check whether a given number is an ugly number.

Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose prime factors only include 2, 3, 5. For example, 6, 8 are ugly while 14 is not ugly since it includes another prime factor 7.

Note that 1 is typically treated as an ugly number.

public boolean isUgly(int num) {
        if (num <= 0) {
            return false;
        }
        if (num == 1) {
            return true;
        }
        int[] factors = {2, 3, 5};
        for (int i = 0; i < factors.length; i++) {
            while (num % factors[i] == 0) {
                num = num / factors[i];
            }
        }
        return num == 1;
    }

Ugly Number II

Write a program to find the n-th ugly number.

Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose prime factors only include 2, 3, 5. For example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 is the sequence of the first 10 ugly numbers.

Note that 1 is typically treated as an ugly number.

https://leetcode.com/discuss/52716/o-n-java-solution

Solution:

O(n) time, one pass solution. O(n) space.

The idea of this solution is from this page:http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/ugly-numbers/

The ugly-number sequence is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, … because every number can only be divided by 2, 3, 5, one way to look at the sequence is to split the sequence to three groups as below:

(1) 1×2, 2×2, 3×2, 4×2, 5×2, …
(2) 1×3, 2×3, 3×3, 4×3, 5×3, …
(3) 1×5, 2×5, 3×5, 4×5, 5×5, …

We can find that every subsequence is the ugly-sequence itself (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …) multiply 2, 3, 5.

Then we use similar merge method as merge sort, to get every ugly number from the three subsequence.

Every step we choose the smallest one, and move one step after,including nums with same value.

    public int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
        int[] ugly = new int[n];
        ugly[0] = 1;
        int index2 = 0, index3 = 0, index5 = 0;
        int factor2 = 2, factor3 = 3, factor5 = 5;
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            int min = Math.min(Math.min(factor2, factor3), factor5);
            ugly[i] = min;
            if (factor2 == min) {
                index2++;
                factor2 = 2 * ugly[index2];
            }
            if (factor3 == min) {
                index3++;
                factor3 = 3 * ugly[index3];
            }
            if (factor5 == min) {
                index5++;
                factor5 = 5 * ugly[index5];
            }
        }
        return ugly[n - 1];
    }
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