Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III

Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III

Say you have an array for which the ith element is the price of a given stock on day i.

Design an algorithm to find the maximum profit. You may complete at most two transactions.

Example

Given an example [4,4,6,1,1,4,2,5], return 6.

Note

You may not engage in multiple transactions at the same time (ie, you must sell the stock before you buy again).

Solution: O(n) Time 先参考 Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock I 的做法

这次的不同点在与要做两次交易,所以我们要找一个分界点,分别算左右两边的一次交易利润和的最大值。所以我们可以做Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock I两次

第一次是从左到右扫[0-i]区间,也就是先确定buyDay,然后根据每个prices[i]来确定sellDay。

第二次是从右到左扫[i-end]区间,也就是先确定sellDay,然后根据每个prices[i]来确定buyDay。

所以这两个循环时间都是O(n)

最后我们要用一个循环来设分界点,然后取

max(maxProfitEndedAt[i]+maxProfitStartedFrom[i+1])

注意这个max不是最终答案,假设只有两天[1,2] 这种情况算下来是0,因为分界点两边都是1天不足以完成交易,而且有可能的情况是第一天买入,最后一天买进,这种情况按两次交易算也无法取到最大值,所以最后结果还要考虑到只做一次交易的情况,因为没有规定必须做两次交易

Math.max(maxWithTwoTransaction, maxProfitEndedAt[length - 1]);

这一部分的时间复杂度也是O(n)

所以整体的时间复杂度就是O(n)

public int maxProfit(int[] prices) {
    if (prices == null || prices.length <= 1) {
        return 0;
    }
    int length = prices.length;
    int[] maxProfitEndedAt = new int[length];
    int[] maxProfitStartedFrom = new int[length];

    //get the max profit from 0 to i with one transaction
    maxProfitEndedAt[0] = 0;
    int buyDay = 0;
    for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
        maxProfitEndedAt[i] = Math.max(maxProfitEndedAt[i - 1], prices[i] - prices[buyDay]);
        if (prices[i] < prices[buyDay]) {
            buyDay = i;
        }
    }
    //get the max profit form i to length-1 with one transaction
    maxProfitStartedFrom[length - 1] = 0;
    int sellDay = length - 1;
    for (int i = length - 2; i >= 0; i--) {
        maxProfitStartedFrom[i] = Math.max(maxProfitStartedFrom[i + 1], prices[sellDay] - prices[i]);
        if (prices[i] > prices[sellDay]) {
            sellDay = i;
        }
    }
    //to have two transactions
    //pick a pivot day i, to get the max(maxProfitEndedAt[i]+maxProfitStartedFrom[i+1])
    int maxWithTwoTransaction = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < length - 2; i++) {
        maxWithTwoTransaction = Math.max(maxWithTwoTransaction,
                                         maxProfitEndedAt[i] + maxProfitStartedFrom[i + 1]);
    }
    return Math.max(maxWithTwoTransaction, maxProfitEndedAt[length - 1]);
}

 

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